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Mushrooms

Suillus
   Suillus is a genus of fungi in the sub-order Boletales, commonly called "slippery jacks" because of the often slimy caps. They are distinguishable from other boletes by usually having partial veils in immature forms and annuli thereafter, sometimes glandular dots on the stipe, and large pore openings that are often arranged radially. They principally grow in association with conifers.

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Chicken-Fat Suillus (Suillus americanus)
 
   Habitat singly or gregarious under eastern white pine. Very common. Found in northeastern North America. Season July-October.Comment Similar to Suillus sibiricus), which has a ring and is found in the West. Suillus americanus is edible.
Description:
   Cap 3-10 cm across, broadly convex with a low umbo and incurved margin, which may have remnants of a yellowish, cottony veil hanging from it; bright yellow with red or brownish streaks and hairy patches; slimy and sticky. Tubes adnate to decurrent; yellow, staining reddish brown when bruised. Pores large, angular; yellow becoming darker with age. Stem 30-90 x 4-l0 mm, often crooked, becoming hollow; lemon yellow with dots that bruise darker, as do other parts of stem if handled. Veil partial veil, not attached to stalk, leaves no ring on stem. Flesh mustard yellow, staining pinky-brown when bruised. Spores ellipsoid to subfusoid, 8-11x3-4 μm. Deposit dull cinnamon.

Short-Stalked Suillus (Suillus brevipes)
   "Brevipes" means short-footed, and Suillus brevipes certainly fits the description. It is so close to the ground that the mowing of yards and Christmas tree farms usually leaves the mushroom intact, and it could be mistaken for a fallen leaf on the ground. Suillus brevipes has a fairly long fruiting season, and it is one of the last mushrooms found during the year. Growing scattered or densely gregariously; late summer and fall; widely distributed. In Kansas find it under white, Scotch, and Austrian pine; in the west it is abundant under lodgepole pine and bishop pine.
Description:
    Cap: 5-10 cm; convex becoming broadly convex or flat; slimy; smooth; dark brown to yellow brown, cinnamon, or rust-brown, fading to dull cinnamon and sometimes in age a dingy yellowish brown; margin incurved at first, sometimes lobed with age.
   Pore Surface: Pale yellow, darkening to dingy yellow and finally olive brown; 1-2 circular pores per mm; tubes to about 1 cm deep.
   Stem: 2-7 cm long; 1-2 cm thick; typically short; equal to slightly enlarged below; white at first, becoming pale yellow; glandular dots absent or not well developed; without a ring.
   Flesh: Thick; white, becoming yellow in age; soft; not staining when sliced.
   Spore Print: Brown to dull cinnamon.
   Spores 7-10 x 3 μm; smooth; subfusoid.

Dotted-Stalk Suillus (Suillus granulatus)
   Growing alone or gregariously; summer and fall--often among the first species of Suillus to appear; widely distributed. It has quite a long fruiting period, beginning in August or September and lasting through November.
Description:
   Cap: 5-15 cm; convex becoming broadly convex; sticky or slimy; smooth; variable in color but typically buff, yellowish, or pale cinnamon at first, becoming darker cinnamon brown or orangish brown; often with the color breaking up in maturity to form a patchwork pattern; without partial veil remnants.
   Pore Surface: Whitish at first; soon yellowish; often with droplets of cloudy liquid when young; not bruising, or bruising and spotting cinnamon to brownish; pores about 1 mm wide at maturity; not strongly boletinoid but sometimes weakly so in age; tubes about 1 cm deep.
   Stem: 4-8 cm long; 1-2 cm thick; equal or with a tapering base; with tiny, tan or brownish glandular dots on the upper half; without a ring; white, developing bright yellow shades near the apex or overall.
   Flesh: White at first, but soon pale yellow; not staining on exposure.
   Spore Print: Cinnamon brown to brown.
   Spores 7-9 x 2.5-3.5 μm; smooth; subfusoid.

Larch Suillus, Larch Bolete (Suillus grevillei)
 
   It grows in the soil of mixed forests, always at the foot of larch with which it lives in symbiosis. It grows from June until november. Suillus grevillei is an edible mushroom (without consistency nor flavor) if the slimy cuticle is removed.
Description:
   Suillus grevillei is a mushroom with 5-10 cm cap colored from citrus yellow to burnt orange, that is at first hemispherical, then bell-shaped, and finally flattened. It has a sticky cuticle, short tubes of yellow or brownish which descend down to the bottom of its cylindrical stalk (6-10x1-2 cm) which is cream-colored turning to reddish brown with a cream-white ring.It has a thin meat which has consistency at first but then quickly becomes soft. It has an odor reminiscent of rumpled geranium leaves.

Slippery Jack (Suillus luteus)
   Suillus luteus can be found all over the northern hemisphere. It is found in pine forests from the coast to the mountains and exhibits a special liking for the cold-temperate climate. Growing gregariously; late summer and fall--or in winter during warm spells; widely distributed in North America. In my area (central Illinois) Suillus luteus grows in both red pine and eastern white pine plantations. Curiously, in plantations where rows of both trees occur, it always seems to stick with one or the other species.
Description:
   Cap: 5-12 cm; convex when young, becoming broadly convex to flat; slimy; shiny when dry; partial veil tissue often hanging from the margin; dark brown to dark reddish brown to yellow brown; fading with age.
   Pore Surface: Covered with a whitish partial veil when young; whitish to pale yellow, becoming yellow to olive yellow with age; not bruising; pores under 1 mm across; tubes 4-15 mm deep.
   Stem: 3-8 cm long; 1-2.5 cm thick; equal; with glandular dots above the ring; whitish, yellowish towards apex; discoloring brown to purplish brown near the base in age; with a flaring white ring that develops purple shades on the underside and is often gelatinous in humid or wet weather.
   Flesh: White to pale yellow; not staining on exposure.
   Spores 7-9 x 2.5-3 μm; smooth; subfusoid.

Pungent Suillus (Suillus pungens)
   Suillus pungens fruits abundantly under Monterey Pine, frequently in the company of Chroogomphus vinicolor, the Pine Spike. This "slippery jack", so named because of its slimy cap, undergoes a series of color changes starting out white, then grey with touches of olive, finally a mixture of rusty-brown and yellow-brown tones. Edible, but not choice, due to a soft texture and harsh flavor; like many boletes, it frequently is infested with fly larva; young specimens are sometimes dried or pickled after peeling the slimy cuticle. Habitat: Scattered to gregarious under Monterey Pine (Pinus radiata); fruiting sporadically in watered areas during the summer months; often in large numbers after the fall rains.
Description:
   Pileus: Cap 5-13 cm broad, convex, nearly plane in age; margin incurved when young with cottony, white velar tissue; surface viscid, smooth, white, becoming grey with olive tones, at maturity various combinations of rusty-brown, reddish-brown or a dull yellowish-brown, the latter typical of old fruiting bodies; flesh white, turning yellow at maturity, not bruising blue; odor and taste fruity but harsh.
   Hymenophore: Pores at first white to cream, exuding white droplets in moist weather; in age pores yellowish to dingy, yellow-brown, not bruising blue.
   Stipe: Stipe 3-8 cm tall, 1.5-2.0 cm thick, equal, sometimes tapering slightly to the base; surface dry, white to pale yellow, dotted with buff-colored glands that at maturity become dark-brown; flesh not bruising blue.
   Spores: Spores 9-10 x 3-3.5 μm, elliptical, smooth; spore print brown.

Slippery Jill (Suillus subluteus, Suillus salmonicolor)
   Suillus salmonicolor is edible. Growing alone or gregariously; late summer and fall; east of the Rocky Mountains.
Description:
   Cap: 3-10 cm; convex becoming broadly convex or flat; slimy; smooth; orangish, dirty yellowish, brownish, olive brown, or cinnamon.
   Pore Surface: At first covered with a thick, orangish to grayish partial veil that is baggy and rubbery, with a white roll of tissue on the lower edge; yellow to orangish, becoming brownish with age; not bruising; 1-2 round or angular pores per mm; not boletinoid; tubes to about 1 cm deep.
   Stem: 3-10 cm long; up to 1.5 cm thick; equal or with a slightly enlarged base; covered with glandular dots that are pale reddish brown at first and become darker with age; whitish to yellowish or orangish; with a gelatinous ring.
   Flesh: Orangish to yellowish, often salmon orange in the stem base; not staining on exposure.
   Spore Print: Cinnamon brown or brown.
   Spores 7-10 x 3-3.5 μm; smooth; subfusoid.

Tomentose Suillus (Suillus tomentosus)
   Suillus tomentosus is found along the coast north of San Francisco, usually with Beach Pine (Pinus contorta). It is characterized by a viscid, when moist, dull yellowish to dingy-buff cap, covered with greyish to greyish-olive squamules which sometimes redden in cold weather, and a tendency to bruise blue slowly when injured. Habitat: Scattered or in small groups under pines; fruiting from after the fall rains to mid-winter.
Description:
   Pileus: Cap 5-11 cm broad, convex, broadly convex in age; margin at first incurved, decurved at maturity; surface viscid when moist, pale yellow to dingy-buff, tomentose, becoming squamose, occasionally weathering to nearly smooth; scales typically greyish to olive-grey, sometimes reddish in cold weather; flesh thick, soft, white to pale yellow, bluing slowly when injured; odor, mild to fruity/harsh; taste mild.
   Hymenophore: Tubes up to 1.5 cm long, dingy yellowish-olive, slowly bluing when cut, adnate to depressed at the stipe; pores approximately 1/mm, angular, dull brown, becoming dingy ochre at maturity, bluing slowly when bruised.
   Stipe 5-9 cm. long, 1.5-3.0 cm thick, solid, equal or enlarged at the base; surface sticky, yellowish to apricot-orange at the apex, sometimes tinged dull reddish-brown at the base, dotted with brown glandulae; context like the cap, i.e. pallid to pale yellow, usually bruising blue slowly; veil absent.
   Spores 8-11x3-4 μm, narrowly elliptical to subfusiform, smooth, thin-walled; spore print dark olive-brown.
 

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